On May 17, 2022, the Federal Court of Appeal delivered its decision in HMQ v The Estate of Pasquale Paletta, 2022 FCA 86 which applied the “pursuit of profit” source test in Stewart by ruling that an activity devoted solely to tax avoidance cannot give rise to a source of income in the form of a business under the Income Tax Act (Canada). This is true even if the activity lacks a personal or hobby element and appears to be purely commercial in nature.